Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol.53 18-33 February 2010. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0140)
© American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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Evaluating the Effort Expended to Understand Speech in Noise Using a Dual-Task Paradigm: The Effects of Providing Visual Speech Cues

Sarah Fraser
Concordia University and the Center for Research in Human Development, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Jean-Pierre Gagné
Majolaine Alepins
Pascale Dubois
Université de Montréal and the Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Contact author: Sarah Fraser, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada. E-mail: sfraser{at}live.concordia.ca.

Purpose: Using a dual-task paradigm, 2 experiments (Experiments 1 and 2) were conducted to assess differences in the amount of listening effort expended to understand speech in noise in audiovisual (AV) and audio-only (A-only) modalities. Experiment 1 had equivalent noise levels in both modalities, and Experiment 2 equated speech recognition performance levels by increasing the noise in the AV versus A-only modality.

Method: Sixty adults were randomly assigned to Experiment 1 or Experiment 2. Participants performed speech and tactile recognition tasks separately (single task) and concurrently (dual task). The speech tasks were performed in both modalities. Accuracy and reaction time data were collected as well as ratings of perceived accuracy and effort.

Results: In Experiment 1, the AV modality speech recognition was rated as less effortful, and accuracy scores were higher than A only. In Experiment 2, reaction times were slower, tactile task performance was poorer, and listening effort increased, in the AV versus the A-only modality.

Conclusions: At equivalent noise levels, speech recognition performance was enhanced and subjectively less effortful in the AV than A-only modality. At equivalent accuracy levels, the dual-task performance decrements (for both tasks) suggest that the noisier AV modality was more effortful than the A-only modality.

KEY WORDS: speech recognition, listening effort, dual-task paradigm, audio and audiovisual speech cues in noise, processing capacity


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